“In 1676, shortly after the English seized the territory from the Dutch, New Jersey was divided into the colonies of East and West Jersey. Under the Duke of York–the original proprietor–East Jersey was settled predominantly by small landowners and entrepreneurs, while West Jersey was settled by Quakers, and was in fact the first Quaker colony in America, preceding Pennsylvania by six years. Organized by a group of Quaker proprietors in London in 1676/7, West Jersey was governed initially by nine commissioners who held court at Burlington. Besides its legislative authority over the colony, the court at Burlington had jurisdiction over local matters and served as the court of appeals for Salem and other towns in West Jersey after 1683.
Quaker justices continued to hold court in Burlington until May 1703, losing their right to self-government following the end of proprietary rule and the creation of the united Province of New Jersey under royal charter the previous year. While non-Quakers would eventually overshadow the Quaker inhabitants of West Jersey, Burlington remained a Quaker stronghold throughout the period of proprietary rule.
The minutes of the Burlington court, transcribed and published originally by the American Historical Association in 1944, and now available in this facsimile reprint, contain the day to day minutiae of Quaker temporal life, just as the meeting records illuminate Quaker spiritual life.” The current published title is The Burlington Court Book of West New Jersey 1680-1709.
“While they reflect virtually all facets of life in West Jersey, the majority of the court minutes concern property rights, civil suits, grievances involving slaves, servants, and Indians, and all manner of domestic complaints. They constitute not only the most important judicial record of the colony of West Jersey but are a goldmine of clues about the early inhabitants of West Jersey. A mirror of the life and times of this almost forgotten colony, the minutes of the Burlington court offer rare possibilities for genealogical research, for many of the cases brought before the court, such as inquests, petty civil suits, and criminal cases, give the names of spouses, children, and other related individuals. Since the majority of the persons named in The Burlington Court Book were Quakers, researchers may be able to profit even further from the clues it contains by probing among New Jersey Quaker meeting records for the same period.
With an index containing over 15,000 references, this little known work is sure to attract the attention of all researchers with an interest in early New Jersey.” At 46 pages, the Historical Introduction alone makes an interesting dive into the areas unique beginnings.
Table of Contents
Editorial Note
Historical Introduction, by H. Clay Reed
- The Quakers of West Jersey
- Swedish, Dutch, and English Predecessors
- Fenwick’s Colony
- The Burlington Settlement, 1677-1680
- Government in West Jersey, 1680-1708
- The Courts and their Work, 1680-1709
Burlington Court Minutes, 1680
The Burlington Court Book, 1681-1709
Index
The Burlington Court Book of West New Jersey 1680-1709 is available from Family Roots Publishing; Price: $39.20.
Thanks to Ellen Thorne Morris for the following comment:
The Burlington Court book does represent West Jersey and gives us a description of the residents in the 17th and 18th centuries. But East Jersey also had court and land records, beginning in 1664 when Baptists and Quakers from Gravesend, Long Island, sailed over and founded Middletown and Shrewsbury in what became Monmouth County. Both towns kept their court and land records which were recopied as needed into newer books at the Freehold Court House.
Many of the new residents were the landless younger generations of New England families.
The Quakers and Baptists were not tolerated in the colonies, and were rescued by the Dutch governor of New Amsterdam, to spite the English according to legend, when he gave a town grant to Lady Deborah Moody, a Baptist, on the tip of Dutch Long Island, now Brooklyn, NY. English had settled on the eastern half.
When the English fleet conquered New Amsterdam, the Gravesend settlers were ready to sail to New Jersey.